Mythological literary critics look for archetypes, characters and/or symbols with traits that are seen throughout literature regardless of time or place. Hillman also discovers archetypal precursors in Neoplatonism, Heraclitus, Plotinus, Proclus, Marsilio Ficino, and Giambattista Vico. In her final moments, Desdemona chooses not to blame Othello for her death because she saw that the honor of their love was more important than honesty. An equal case can be made that Iago here completes his role as Vice, borrowed from the medieval morality plays, sealing the Faustian bargain for Othellos soul in this mock or black marriage scene. Character analysis: Iago in Othello | The British Library It has been mentioned earlier that pattern in literature refers to recurrent images, forms and words. They were built to defen the city of Nicosia during the Otto-man Venetian war. Archetypal Myth Criticism Paper - 337 Words - Internet Public Library Examples Of Archetype In Othello - 477 Words | Bartleby Archetypal criticism is a product of both cultural anthropology and psychoanalysis which are academic fields that might seem to be far from the concept of archetypal criticism. 1924) to move beyond clinical inquiry within the consulting room of psychotherapy to formulate archetypal theory as a multidisciplinary field (Archetypal 1). Is Othello or Hamlet better? Archetypal criticism gets its impetus from psychologist Carl Jung, who postulated that humankind has a "collective unconscious," a kind of universal psyche, which is manifested in dreams and myths and which harbors themes . He has already judged and condemned her, but he is still hunting evidence, seeking to justify to himself the stand he has already taken. Othello accused her of being unfaithful, when she never was. Evil is displayed before him, not indeed with the profusion found in King Lear, but forming, as it were, the soul of a single character, and united with an intellectual superiority so great that he watches its advance fascinated and appalled. must concern itself with the archetypal, the universal, with that which is necessarily larger, more extreme than in life. The three women are Desdemona, Emilia, and Bianca. Archetypal criticism proceeds from the initial assumption that every work of literature can be categorized and fitted into a large framework that encompasses all literature. Succeeds in unknown fate. What is striking about Shakespeares alteration of Cinthios grisly tale of murder and villainy is the shift of emphasis to the provocation for the murder, the ennobling of Othello as a figure of great stature and dignity to underscore his self-destruction, and the complication of motive for the ensigns actions. That not another comfort like to this Seeing her dying, Emilia asks who would do this. Shakespeare's play, Othello, the Moor of Venice, is a powerful example of a tragedy and its main character, Othello, is an excellent illustration of what Aristotle constitutes as a tragic hero. Frye, however, notably in Anatomy of Criticism, essentially redefined and relocated archetype on grounds that would remove him unequivocally from the ranks of Jungian critics by severing the connection between archetype and depth psychology: This emphasis on impersonal content has been developed by Jung and his school, where the communicability of archetypes is accounted for by a theory of a collective unconsciousan unnecessary hypothesis in literary criticism, so far as I can judge (m-12). Archetypal Criticism - Chirila - Major Reference Works - Wiley Online And smote himthus. Othello, likewise, has tradud the state and has changed from noble and valiant Othello to a beast, with the passion that ennobled him shown as corrosive and demeaning. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-archetype-criticism-of-othello-a-play-by-william-shakespeare-yJF4zltX Be sure to capitalize proper nouns (e.g. After Othello was convinced that Desdemona was cheating on him, Othello had started to show his disappointment with her. The tragic hero archetype is used in many different pieces of writing and with every character comes a different way of using it. Considered according to this definition, the concept becomes a useful tool for literary analysis that explores the synthesis of the universal and the particular, seeks to define the parameters of social construction of gender, and attempts to construct theories of language, of the imaginal, and of meaning that take gender into account. . A few names form a core of writers in English (including many Canadians)Martin Bickman, Albert Gelpi, Elliott Gose, Evelyn Hinz, Henry Murray, Barton L. St. Armand, Harold Schechter, and William Stein though no single figure has attracted the attention of academic literary specialists, and no persistent commonalities fuse into a recognizable school critics who draw on Jungs theories. Northrop Frye has been the most influential of those critics who have argued that archetypal patterns underlie the modes, plots and genres of literary works. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994. "He is, in a sense, a 'self made man', the . Further, the text offered confirmation (and poetic representation) of the only direct contribution Jung made to literary theory: a distinction between psychological and visionary texts (Collected 15:89-90). To learn more, read our. However, Othello's words give a deeper insight into how he still misunderstands the situation. "Othello", by William Shakespeare, is a story of jealousy's potential to manipulate thoughts and eventually lead to ultimate demise. Desdemona finally, dramatically appears before the senate to support Othellos account of their courtship and to balance her obligation to her father and now to her husband based on the claims of love: My noble father, Twere now to be most happy, for I fear Reading example essays works the same way! Archetypal Criticism - SlideShare An archetypal critic would suggest that all human experience is linked through literature and that this experience is expressed again and again using the same patterns throughout time and space. Eliot, Samuel Taylor) characterize themselves as realists, pragmatic, practical, eschewing the supporters of the so-called weaker Othello, who conversely tend to describe themselves as somehow morally elevated, more empathetic. Uncover new sources by reviewing other students' references and bibliographies, Inspire new perspectives and arguments (or counterarguments) to address in your own essay. However, for Othello this is not the case. Othello Essay Questions | GradeSaver Because of that, it has generated a lot of literary criticism in the 400 years since it was written and first . In this play there are only three women in the entire play. The men of the play manipulate her image of a naive lover to being a strumpet! (V.ii.94). And despite frequently perceptive readings, the work is marred by the characteristic limitless expansionism and psychological utilitarianism of her interpretive scheme. An archetype criticism of othello, a play by william shakespeare. Archetypal Theory - Literary Criticism the-critical-analysis-of-a-novel-atonement-by-ian-mcewan.pdf Active Themes Emilia returns with Desdemona. The tragic heros downfall, said Aristotle, was brought upon by some error of judgement. Indeed, myth criticism seems singularly unaffected by any of the archetypal theorists who have remained faithful to the origins and traditions of depth, especially analytical, psychologyJames Hillman, Henri Corbin, Gilbert Durand, Rafael Lopez-Pedraza, Evangelos Christou. No single motive is relied on for long, and the gap between cause and effect, between the pettiness of Iagos grudges and the monstrousness of his behavior, prompted Samuel Taylor Coleridge in a memorable phrase to characterize Iagos motiveless malignity. There is in Iago a zest for villainy and a delight in destruction, driven more by his hatred and contempt for any who oppose his conception of jungle law than by a conventional naturalistic explanation based on jealousy or envy. By speaking of soul as a primary metaphor, rather than defining soul substantively and attempting to derive its ontological status from empirical demonstration or theological (metaphysical) argument, archetypal psychology recognizes that psychic reality is inextricably involved with rhetoric (Hillman, Archetypal 19). The storm that divides the Venetian fleet also disperses the Turkish threat and clears the way for the lovers happy reunion and peaceful enjoyment of their married state. The critic is at the center of interpretive activity, and the critic functions as teacher, interpreter, priest, seer. Archetypal critics are also interested in certain myths and rituals that recur in a wide variety of cultures. While the beautiful. The main ideas of Othello are jealousy and revenge. Mythological Criticism and Archetypes BY: TO: AYTEKIN ALIYEVA Prof. SHAHIN KHALILLI. The tragedy of Othello is not a fault of a single villain, but is rather a consequence of a wide range of feelings, judgments and misjudgments, and attempts for personal justification exhibited by all of the participants. I am hitherto your daughter. In Act 2, Scene 1 of Othello, Iago formulates his plan to drive Othello mad. Desdemona is oblivious to what is going on around her and stays loyal to her morals but Iagos rumours lure Othello to thinking otherwise. Ironically, as in the feminist revisioning of explicitly male-biased Jungian theory, the rise in the 1980s of Reader-response theory and criticism and the impetus for canon revision have begun to contribute to a revaluation of Jung as a source of literary study. This article, then, treats the only form of literary theory and criticism consistent with and derived directly from the psychological principles advanced by Jung. And it is thought abroad that twixt my sheets Hes done my office. What bloody business ever. Innocent characters also suffer, like Desdemona. In his major work, The Anatomy of Criticism, he states: 'I mean by an archetype a symbol which connects one poem with another and thereby helps to unify and integrate our . Iago's intelligence and wit allows him to make good sport of the protagonists of the play, sending Othello to his doom and that of his family. Archetypal criticism ensures the efforts of all these concerned faculties to analyse of a text hence archetypal criticism is of immense significance. Othello, though, decides to kill her. Lon S. Roudiez, 1986); Estella Lauter and Carol Schreier Rupprecht, Feminist Archetypal Theory: Interdisciplinary Re-Visions of Jungian Thought (1985); Erich Neumann, Art and the Creative Unconscious: Four Essays (trans. He turns to Iago, who has been brought before him to know the reason for his actions. As Othello came to his breaking point, desdemona foreshadows her own death and he lets jealousy take over. archetypal criticism in othello Archetypal criticism focuses on such things in a work. Just another site. Othello Archetypal Tragic Hero Analysis - 1236 Words | Bartleby Ignoring her appeals for mercy and avowals of innocence, Othello smothers her moments before Emilia arrives with the proof of Desdemonas innocence and Iagos villainy. : In this quote, Othello is stating that his wife's supposed infidelity has ruined his name and turned it "black" and dirty like his own face, showing that a woman's fidelity was linked to a man's honor. The tragedy of Othello is not a fault of a single person, but is rather the consequence of a wide range of feelings, judgments, misjudgments, and attempts for personal justification revealed by the characters. Mythological critics compare one work to others with similar story . At the center of the plays intrigue is Shakespeares most sinister and formidable conceptions of evil in Iago, whose motives and the wellspring of his villainy continue to haunt audiences and critics alike. Categories: Archetypal Criticism, Literary Criticism, Literary Theory, Myth Criticism, Psychoanalysis, Tags: Achetypes, Alchemy of Discourse: An Archetypal Approach to Language, Anatomy of Criticism, Archetypal Criticism, Archetypal feminist criticism, Archetypal Patterns in Poetry, Archetypal Psychology, Archetypal Theory, Archetypal Theory and Criticism, Archetypal Theory Criticism, Claude Levi-Strauss, Ernst Cassirer, Evangelos Christou, Francis Fergusson, Frazer, Gilbert Durand, Henri Corbin, Hermes and His Children, Hillman, Imagining: A Phenomenological Study, J. G. Frazer, J. G. Frazer The Golden Bough, James Hillman, Jessie Weston, Joseph Campbell, Jung and the Humanities: Toward a Hermeneutics of Culture., Jung's Psychology of the Unconscious, Jungian Approach to Literature, Leslie Fiedler, Literary Criticism, Literary Theory, Logos of the Soul, Maud Bodkin, Myth, Myth theory and crticism, New Polytheism, Northrop Frye, Philip Wheelwright, Psychoanalysis, Rafael Lopez-Pedraza, Richard Chase, Spring Journal, Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture, Spring: An Annual of Archetypal Psychology and Jungian Thought, The Golden Bough, The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion, Alchemy of Discourse: An Archetypal Approach to Language. Following his anatomizing of the painfully introspective intellectual Hamlet, Shakespeare, at the height of his ability to probe human nature and to dramatize it in action and language, treats Hamlets temperamental oppositethe man of action. Not only does she try to protect Othellos reputation by blaming herself, Desdemona tells Emilia to remind Othello about her showing that she stills respects Othello. what is wrong with franklin baby on tiktok. Each literary theory will examine the text through different lenses, resulting in different interpretations. In Shakespeare's, An outburst that othello has in a crowd of his peers causes people to start to question their noble leader. Role of the Archetypal Symbols The handercheif is utilized throught Othello to demonstrate the loyalty of Desdemona, as well as Othello's love for her. archetypal criticism in othello Othello, unlike the other Shakespearean comedies, adds three more acts to the romantic drama, shifting from comic affirmation to tragic negation. Literary Critics on Othello - Litchapter.com At mid-century, Canadian critic Northrop Frye (1912-91) introduced new distinctions in literary criticism between myth and archetype. What makes Othello so unique structurally (and painful to witness) is that it is a tragedy built on a comic foundation. Frazers and Jungs texts formed the basis of two allied but ultimately different courses of influence on literary history. "Othello is essentially an noble character, flawed by insecurity and a nature that is naive and unsophisticated". Archetypal Analysis of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone Van Meurss bibliography conveys the great variety of Jungian writings on literature even within one language, the increasingly recognized potential for further development and use of Jungs ideas, and the growth in numbers of literary scholars falling under the influence of Jung. Archetypal criticism, then, construed as that derived from Jungs theory and practice of archetypal (analytical) psychology, is a fledgling and much misconstrued field of inquiry with significant but still unrealized potential for the study of literature and of aesthetics in general. What makes you cringe? Using Critical Lenses to Analyze Othello: Historical, Cultural and Now art thou my lieutenant. The archetypal characteris a simple character template recognizable to all readers. The Moor is eventually captured, tortured, and slain by Disdemonas relatives, while the ensign dies during torture for another crime. Othello is the most painfully exciting and the most terrible. Further, Jung termed his own theory analytical psychology, as it is still known especially in Europe, but Jungian thought is more commonly referred to today in all disciplines as archetypal psychology.. The approaches of semiologists, structuralists and deconstructivists . Iagos motivation is anything but explainable in conventional terms. The first two acts of the play enact the standard pattern of Shakespeares romantic comedies. Using an archetypal literary criticism, Harry Potter can be analyzed by focusing on different archetypes, such as, symbols, images, and character types in the text. Desdemonas true morals is her absolute devotion to her husband. And so much duty as my mother showd Act 3, one of the wonders of the stage, anatomizes Othellos psychic descent from perfect contentment in his new wife to complete loathing, from a worldview in which everything is as it appears to one in which nothing is as it seems. Cinthios version of Iago is conventionally driven by jealousy of a superior and lust for his wife. This does not stop her, though, from continuing to care for Othello. Othello: I greet thy love, Othello Act 4, scene 2 Summary & Analysis | LitCharts Speak of me as I am. Othello - Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Placing responsibility in the stars - he calls Desdemona an "ill-starred wench" - is hardly a gallant course of action. The term archetype can be traced to Plato (arche, original; typos, form), but the concept gained currency in twentieth-century literary theory and criticism through the work of the Swiss founder of analytical psychology, C. G. Jung (1875-1961). Despite naively playing into Iago's hands earlier by giving him the handkerchief, Emilia shows her earnest loyalty to Desdemona. Come, go with me apart. Frye's work helped displace New Criticism as the major mode of analyzing literary texts . Othello is now reduced to questioning his wife's maid, Emilia, looking for evidence of Desdemona's infidelity. PPT - Archetypal Criticism PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID . Critical approaches to Othello | The British Library Did you find something inaccurate, misleading, abusive, or otherwise problematic in this essay example? The tragic protagonist must make a fall from a high state of being to a low state or death. Kibin, 2023. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-archetype-criticism-of-othello-a-play-by-william-shakespeare-yJF4zltX. Archetypal Criticism Archetypal theory and criticism, although often used synonymously with Myth theory and crticism, has a distinct history and process. His imagination is excited to intense activity, but it is the activity of concentration rather than dilation. Learn what works (and what doesn't) from the reader's perspective. Aristotles theory is not the final word on tragedy, however it can support in pinpointing the pivotal traits in. How To Write An Archetypal Criticism Essay - quality-managers.org An analysis of women being victims in Othello: Othello is a play written by William Shakespeare in the 1600s, this essay is from a feminist perspective. The direction of Othello criticism will also be affected as literary criticism's longstanding commitment to cultural historicism comes under pressure from those who argue that explorations of context often come at the expense of literature's formal properties and affective registers, and as developments in the digital humanities enable fresh This assignment is intended to encourage you, and require you . The traits of the tragic hero lead the audience to feel compassion for the helpless victim. This preview is partially blurred. Desperate to cling to the security of his former identity as a soldier while his current identity as a lover crumbles, Othello begins to confuse the one with the other. Earnest Cassirer, a social anthropologist was an important influence on myth criticism. Northrop Frye, however, further developed this theory in his book Anatomy of Criticism and later in his essay 'The Archetypes in Literature . Citations Othello makes an error in judgement, which leads to his change in fortune, and later realizes that his actions are what caused said change in fortune. Furthermore, they must also have a fatal flaw, that eventually leads to their downfall. He is a character of high stature that is destroyed by his surroundings, his own actions, and his fate. While acknowledging the grave weaknesses of much Jungian writing on literature as unsubtle and rigid application of preconceived psychological notions and schemes resulting in particularly ill-judged or distorted readings, van Meurs still finds that sensitively, flexibly and cautiously used, Jungian psychological theory may stimulate illuminating literary interpretations (14-15). Peopleshow more content An outburst that othello has in a crowd of his peers causes people to start to question their noble leader. Othello is a Moorish (African) general in the Venetian army and an eloquent storyteller who is respected, but often treated as an outsider.
