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Apophis is named for the demon serpent who personified evil and chaos in ancient Egyptian mythology. Instead, it's a once-in-a-lifetime chance for scientists to truly understand asteroids near Earth. (2021, March 25) NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); JPL. No one on the ground will be tempted to duck, and it will not appear as a fireball swooshing across the heavens. Reports: 3 children dead, 2 wounded in attack at Texas home, Kellyanne Conway, George Conway To Divorce After Decadeslong Marriage: Report, School punished teen girl for working out in sports bra in 100-degree Texas heat, ACLU says, U.S. court won't require FAA to make airplane seat size, spacing rules, 'Extremely dangerous': Spike in illegal crossings at Canada-Vermont border has feds sounding alarm, NASA confirms humanity can deflect killer asteroids with rockets but only if we have years to prepare. Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! asteroid 2004 MN4 will fly past Earth only 18,600 miles (30,000 km) above the ground. When discovered in 2004, the preliminary orbit for Apophis indicated that it might crash onto earth on April 13, 2029 (yes, that is a Friday). However, as is always the case, follow-up observations improved our knowledge of the orbit. We now know that Apophis will pass close very close to the earth that day, but it will miss. One particularly interesting note is that the 1,100-foot-wide asteroid will pass so close to Earth that itll be visible without the need for a telescope. "You could argue, is this science or planetary defense?" Observations of Apophis in 2029 also should give scientists a better idea of the asteroid's size, shape and composition, and even allow them to model the space rock's interior for the first time. The asteroid sat at the top of the European Space Agency's "impact risk list (opens in new tab)" of PHAs and NASA's Sentry Risk Table (opens in new tab) for 17 years, and was only removed in 2021. Slam! The passage of Apophis in 2029 is a must-see event, according to the researchers. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/asteroids/apophis/in-depth (opens in new tab), Sentry: Earth impact monitoring. Estimated to be about 1,100 feet (340 meters) across, Apophis quickly gained notoriety as an asteroid that could pose a serious threat to Earth when astronomers predicted that it would come uncomfortably close in 2029. Other impactors have either been much larger, such as the dinosaur-killing asteroid that struck Earth 66 million years ago and caused the Chicxulub crater, or much smaller. It's similar to how seismic waves traveling through Earth, the moon and Mars have been used to figure out what's beneath their surfaces. (For context, the worlds collective electricity output in 2021 was about 0.5 zettajoules.). The record breaking close approach was the galactic equivalent of a bullet grazing ones skin, but fortunately the small size of the asteroid would have likely resulted in it breaking apart, even if its trajectory lined up with earth. By 2006, the probability of Apophis hitting Earth in 2029 was all but negated by additional calculations. WATCH LIVE: Anti-Government Demonstrators Rally in Tel Aviv, 2023 Sputnik. Retrieved November 16, 2022, from https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/sentry/palermo_scale.html (opens in new tab), CNEOS. "A 2068 impact is not in the realm of possibility any more, and our calculations don't show any impact risk for at least the next 100 years," Davide Farnocchia of NASAs Center for Near-Earth Object Studies said in a statement last year. With years of planning to come before Apophis' next flyby in 2029, Apophis investigators are making plans to watch the asteroid's passage. There are no high-resolution images of the surface of asteroid Apophis, but it is likely similar to surfaces of other stony-type asteroids like Itokawa, the first asteroid from which samples were captured and brought to Earth for analysis. "And, of course, a major factor is how close the impact happens to human populations." This is closer to earth than the distance of earths geosynchronous satellites. An approach this close from an asteroid this big occurs at most every few thousand years, said Davide Farnocchia, a navigation engineer at JPL. From the ground, Apophis will resemble a star traversing the night sky, as bright as the constellation Cassiopeia and slower than a satellite. Apophis is about 1,100 feet (340 meters) in width. Pieces of all those missions showed up in discussions about what scientists could send to Apophis. Within a few years, they were able to dismiss the even smaller chance of a hit in 2036. Classified as an S-type (stony-type) asteroid, according to NASA, Apophis also contains a mix of metals, including nickel and iron. A 300-400 meter asteroid strike would release 10-100 times the energy; asteroid Apophis is about 450 meters along its long axis, expected to release ~1200 MT It is estimated that an asteroid around the size of Apophis strikes the planet every 800,000 years or so. There was 02-02-2022 and now 02-22-2022 which some people are calling Twosday.. And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com. This places it in the group of Earth-crossing asteroids known as "Atens," whose orbits are smaller in width than the width of Earth's orbit, or 1 AU. The discussion is closed. When it was discovered, the 370-meter asteroid's trajectory towards the planet made many fear that an impact could actually happen. Space is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. If we ever did have to deflect an incoming asteroid, thats how wed do it: not with a grand, Death Star-style explosion but with a speedy projectile strong enough to knock it ever-so-slightly off course. Discovered only on September 18, in Tucson, Arizona, the school bus-sized asteroid which is estimated to be somewhere between 15-30 feet in diameter is expected to graze past our planets surface with about 13,000 miles of breathing room. One such asteroid fits this description to a tee and is expected to make an uncomfortably close approach to earth on Friday April 13, 2029. But even from the beginning, the risk was never that high, and the odds seemed firmly in place that such an impact wouldn't occur. Studies confirm there is no risk of asteroid 99942 Apophis impacting Earth for at least another century. With the recent findings, the Risk Table no longer includes Apophis. Asteroid 99942 Apophis, estimated to measure 340 metres (1,100 ft) across and identified by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as one of the most hazardous asteroids that could impact Earth, will close in on our planet in the spring of 2029.The forecast, issued by the All-Russian Institute for Research of Civil Defence of the Emergencies Ministry of Russia, says that the asteroid will skim past Earth at a distance at which geostationary satellites are placed in orbit (approximately 35,700 km).The event is predicted to take place shortly after Cosmonautics Day 13 April 2029. NASA confirmed that on 13 April 2029, the asteroid Apophis will pass less than 20,000 miles (32,000 kilometres) from Earths surface, which is closer than the distance of geosynchronous satellites. DART team members have filled the spacecraft with fuel, and are running rehearsals as they approach launch on Nov. 23, 2021. Related: It's Time to Get Serious About Asteroid Threats, NASA Chief Says. "It's up to us to get ready.". Learn more: https://t.co/6a7zxeSLYF pic.twitter.com/EX8KXlXpWP, https://sputniknews.com/20220102/asteroid-apophis-predicted-to-skim-dangerously-close-to-earth-in-2029--1091976054.html, Asteroid Apophis Predicted to Skim Dangerously Close to Earth in 2029, Earlier, NASA said that Apophis - the poster child for hazardous asteroids was no longer deemed a threat for Earth based on a refined estimate of its orbit 02.01.2022, Sputnik International, /html/head/meta[@name='og:title']/@content, /html/head/meta[@name='og:description']/@content, https://cdnn1.img.sputniknews.com/img/107903/04/1079030406_0:20:1917:1098_1920x0_80_0_0_1f6ca619f04929fc6668e6b8262d1d9b.png.webp. RobertLeais a science journalist in the U.K. whose articles have been published in Physics World, New Scientist, Astronomy Magazine, All About Space, Newsweek and ZME Science. NASA Solar System Exploration; NASA JPL. Looking into the future, its more difficult to predict the space rocks trajectory due to the potential of Earths gravity to alter its course. HOME| This is notable, as it would be closer than many geosynchronous satellites, and is in fact the closest an asteroid of this size will have passed by in recorded history. If it did so, there was a chance it could have its orbit altered, leaving it on a collision course for the planet in 2036. The US space agency NASA confirmed in 2021 that Earth was deemed "safe" from the space traveller for the next 100 years at least. WebAsteroid with more force than biggest nuclear bomb to come close to Earth in 2029 Holly Chik, South China Morning Post Posted at Jan 05 2022 04:30 PM | Updated as of She joined Space.com in July 2018, with previous writing published in outlets including Newsweek and Audubon. Follow him on Twitter @sciencef1rst. Heres how it works. Astronomers use a color-coded warning system called the Torino scale to gauge the degree of danger an asteroid or comet presents to Earth in the next 100 years. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). NASA received 23 millimeter-sized grains and 4 containers of even finer material from Ryugu 10% of the total collected from JAXA. "This is equivalent to the explosive yield of the global nuclear arsenal," he said. At its closest approach to earth, shortly before 6 p.m. As such, NASA has declared the planet free of risk from any asteroid impact for the next century. Ultimately, however, this situation now seems unlikely thanks to additional data gathered by astronomers. But because of its forthcoming flybys, the asteroid's time as an object of intense scientific interest is just beginning. Later estimates put it at much shorter, with scientists ultimately estimating it around 370 meters. That phenomenon, called the Yarkovsky effect, results from the temperature differential between the day and night sides of the asteroid. The asteroid designated as 99942 Apophis is one massive space rock. NASA has extended the planetary science missions of eight of its spacecraft due to their scientific productivity and potential to deepen our knowledge. ET on April 13, 2029, the massive asteroid will cross over the Atlantic Ocean and the United States in a little ET on April 13, 2029, the massive asteroid will cross over the Atlantic Ocean and the United States in a little more than one hour. Some of those ideas may be too risky to be worthwhile, however, since scientists would need to be positive the manhandling wouldn't risk meddling in Apophis' current, safe trajectory. But as of March 2021, NASA has confirmed that there is absolutely zero chance the space rock known as 99942 Apophis will strike this planet for at least 100 years. With a diameter of around 400 meters, the space rock will be hurtling past with an estimated velocity of 7.42 kilometres per second.According to experts' calculations, if the asteroid were to directly impact Earth, the released energy would amount to 1,717 megatons - 30 times that of the Soviet thermonuclear bomb, tested in 1961.After its discovery in 2004, asteroid 99942 Apophis had been identified as one of the most hazardous asteroids that could potentially hit Earth. 7:19 PM EDT, Wed September 23, 2020, Asteroid 2020 QG made a record close approach to Earth on August 16, 2020, close pass of Earth on the day before Election Day. For the latest news, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. The probe is set to spend 18 months studying the infamous near-Earth asteroid Apophis, watching the rock during a close, but very safe, approach it will make to planet Earth in 2029. These probabilities were refined with radar observations the following year. It was part of a test to see if radio waves could penetrate an asteroid and send back data on its interior structure, said Mark Haynes, the JPL radar systems engineer who led the project. (2022, July 7). In Depth | Apophis. The good news: it is expected to miss. Access to the chat has been blocked for violating the. On March 27, 2022, Lucys science team discovered that the smallest of the missions Trojan asteroid targets, Polymele, has a satellite of its own. A decade from now, on April 15, 2029, an asteroid will swing past the Earth, just barely missing everything. Originally, many feared the asteroid's trajectory could put it at risk of doing just that. On Friday, April 13, 2029, Earth will experience a dramatic close encounter with the asteroid 99942 Apophis. The 1,120 feet (340-meter) wide object will pass within just 19,000 miles (31,000 km) of our home planet a distance that brings it closer than most geostationary satellites. 1 Will Apophis hit Earth in 2029? Asteroid Apophis will fly very close to Earth, but won't hit us for at least 100 years. After its discovery in 2004, astronomers rated its chance of hitting our planet in 2029 as high as one in 37, the highest in recorded history for any asteroid. On April 13th, 2029, the asteroid known as Apophis will pass by Earth at a distance of just 19,000 miles. (The technical term for this rocking motion is non-principal axis rotation.). Apophis will still pass by the Earth in 2029 specifically on April 13 at a distance less than 20,000 miles (32,000 kilometers) from the Earth's surface. Related: Asteroid defense: Scanning the sky for threats from space, Estimated weight: 134 billion pounds (61 billion kilograms), In 2005, Binzel was part of a team that used reconnaissance telescopic observations to measure the color properties of Apophis and determine its composition. "That mission was spectacularly successful and showed that that technique works," Benner said. The massive asteroid known as 99942 Apophis was once considered among the most dangerous asteroid in space, with the potential to strike Earth very high. Here are the next 5 asteroids, passing within 4.6 million miles of Earth in 2019. Until March 2021, however, a small chance of impact in 2068 still remained. Launching in August 2022 and arriving at the asteroid belt in 2026, NASAs Psyche spacecraft will orbit a world we can barely pinpoint from Earth. Originally identified in 2004, new data have better defined the orbit of Apophis, putting astronomers at ease. The asteroid's shape is believed to be elongated and composed of two lobes, like a rocky space peanut. 2029, Apophis will pass less than 20,000 miles (32,000 kilometers) from our planets surface Asteroid Apophis was discovered on June 19, 2004. Due to technical issues and unfavorable weather conditions, the team was able to observe the new object for only two days. "But there is no argument, it's all one and the same.". But there were still reasons to fear that an impact could happen, and that surrounds the existence of the gravitational keyhole. Suffice to say those were heady days in the asteroid-tracking community. The excitement of Apophis' discovery turned to concern when researchers calculated just how close the asteroid's orbit would bring the space rock to Earth. Last year, its Double Asteroid Redirection Test, or DART, spacecraft deliberately crashed into a rock 7 million miles away to see whether humans could change the trajectory of a celestial object. The asteroid was first discovered on June 19, 2004 by astronomers at Arizona's Kitt Peak National Observatory. NASA Center for Near Earth Object Studies. And if you're interested in our near-Earth neighbors, learn more (opens in new tab) about other asteroids that will make close approaches to Earth, from NASA JPL. And Apophis offers one of the best chances science has ever had to learn how the Earth came to be and how we might one day prevent its destruction. And data gathered about Apophis could inform what scientists know about these other asteroids, since this particular space rock seems superficially similar to about 80% of the potentially hazardous asteroids scientists have identified to date. We now know Apophis won't strike our planet in the near future. By AARON Farnocchia was referring to the Sentry Impact Risk Table. Editor's Note: This article was corrected to include James Bell's affiliation of Arizona State University. These asteroids are primordial samples, Chodas said. The asteroid Apophis recorded by radio antennas at the Deep Space Networks Goldstone complex in California and the Green Bank Telescope in West Related: Meteor showers and shooting stars: Formation, facts and discovery. Over millions of years, its orbit was changed primarily by the gravitational influence of large planets like Jupiter so that it now orbits the Sun closer to Earth. Although Apophis will not hit Earth anytime soon, the asteroid will make a close encounter with our planet on April 13, 2029, when it will pass within just 19,000 NASAs Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) launched at 1:21 a.m. Instead, they noted that Apophis 99942 has a one in 150,000 chance of impacting earth in 2068. The group found that the asteroid resembles the most common class of meteorites, known as "ordinary chondrites," which are composed mostly of stone and silicates. Huge Asteroid Apophis Flies By Earth on Friday the 13th in 2029. The path through the solar system is a rocky road. "If Apophis passed through specific gravitational keyholes, the gravity of the Earth would tweak its orbit by just the right amount or should I say the wrong amount to put it on a collision course in a later year," Farnocchia told Space.com via email. CONTACT US. The massive Chicxulub asteroid that 66 million years ago slammed into what is now the Yucatn peninsula in Mexico released an estimated 420 zettajoules of energy. By the time it was over, 75% of species were gone for good, including all non-avian dinosaurs. 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And in 2021, radar observations confirmed that Apophis will not strike when it passes us in 2068, leaving Earth in the clear for at least a century. Fortunately, the asteroid is not on an impact trajectory with earth, and if it were, our atmosphere would likely break it apart, creating a bright meteor, known as a fireball. A 2029 impact was also previously ruled out. Sometimes, there is also a rocking motion back and forth about its long axis, as well, which occurs over a longer period than the short axis wobble. This story originally appeared in Los Angeles Times. But just what exactly is this asteroid that had so many people worried? The possibility of an impact by Apophis will depend on gravitational keyholes, regions in space that are heavily affected by the gravitational pull of nearby planets. NASA Center for Near Earth Object Studies. MEDIA KIT| Farnocchia and his team will take advantage of a valuable scientific opportunity to observe how Apophis reacts to tidal forces when it's so close to Earth. According to NASA, there are likely hundreds of millions of near earth asteroids similar in size to 2020 SW and 2020 QG, making them extremely hard to discover until they are very close to earth. And that's the careful balance that asteroid scientists and planetary defense experts will need to achieve over the course of the next decade making the most of the scientific and outreach opportunities Apophis' close flyby offers without causing panic, or still worse, accidentally creating a truly dangerous situation where there wasn't one before. Here is everything you need to know about 99942 Apophis. ", Unseating Apophis from the top of several space agencies' risk lists was no easy feat. The radar team continues to analyze its data, and they expect to learn more about the asteroids shape. Farnocchia and his colleagues wove together radar and optical tracking data collected in late 2020 and early 2021 to come up with a precise trajectory for Apophis, according to a statement from NASA (opens in new tab). "Apophis has been extensively tracked since its discovery by both optical and radar telescopes," Farnocchia said. According to NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission page (opens in new tab), the spacecraft will observe the flyby and then use its gas thrusters to kick up and study small rocks and dust on Apophis' surface. Much more will be learned about this asteroid's structure following its close flyby of Earth in 2029. Discovery Company. Apophis is as long as the Eiffel Tower. A lucky day for scientists. Asteroid scientists and planetary defense experts have already begun that work, with a series of presentations at the conference here highlighting topics they'd like to consider between now and the 2029 Apophis flyby. An asteroid strike is a disaster; an asteroid flyby, an opportunity. Back when it was still listed on it, NASA's Sentry Risk Table estimated that Apophis would impact the planet with the equivalent force of 1,200 megatons of TNT. Maintained by CNEOS, the table keeps tabs on the few asteroids whose orbits take them so close to Earth that an impact cant be ruled out. Apophis is classified as an S-type, or stony-type asteroid made up of silicate (or rocky) materials and a mixture of metallic nickel and iron. 9 interesting facts (that don't blame the farmers), Kansas high school basketball state qualifiers: Find winning boys, girls teams moving on, Skeletal remaind found at Oslo Road boat ramp believed to be of Susy Tomassi. Asteroids coming from the "back," towards Earth away from the Sun, are still notoriously difficult to detect. Weve never seen something that large get that close, said Lance Benner, a principal scientist at JPL. "Don't miss the chance to see it. Originally the asteroid was designated 2004 MN4 but after being further studied it gained the permanent number of 00042, and then subsequently was given the name Apophis by its discoverers. Related: Dinosaur-killing asteroid triggered mile-high tsunami that spread through Earth's oceans, Collins estimates that if Apophis were to strike Earth at 45,000 mph (72,000 km/h) the average speed of asteroid impacts the energy released would be about 10 billion, billion joules (a 1 followed by 19 zeros). Initially, scientists were unsure whether the passage of Apophis would result in a collision with Earth. "Among other things, the rotation state of Apophis could change" as a result of its close proximity, Farnocchia said. The team then combined this newly acquired data with years of intense observations to come up with a clearer picture of Apophis' trajectory. All rights reserved. (In Los Angeles, experienced stargazers might be able to spot it with binoculars around 3:30 a.m. on April 13.). NASA Solar System Exploration; NASA. https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news146.html (opens in new tab). Your effort and contribution in providing this feedback is much NASA added that Apophis, named after the ancient Egyptian god of darkness, chaos and destruction will be visible to observers on the ground in the Eastern Hemisphere without the aid of a telescope or binoculars. Apophis is an asteroid that became notorious in 2004 as a potential threat to Earth. The orbit of Apophis crosses the orbit of Earth. Psyche was tested to ensure it can operate in the extreme conditions it will face on its trip to a metal-rich asteroid. That might sound scary, but scientists are positive that it will not hit Earth. Fortunately, scientists are confident that 99942 Apophis will not strike earth in 2029. And factors such as asteroid size, density and mass, as well as the angle and velocity at which the asteroid strikes, all affect how much damage a hit can cause. Within a few months, scientists were able to rule out the possibility of a 2029 strike. From the visual observations taken in 2004, researchers at CNEOS calculated that there was around a 2.7% chance that the object would hit Earth in 2029. Center for NEO Studies. (n.d.). In a year that seemingly keeps on giving, perhaps its not so surprising that NASAs newly discovered asteroid called 2020 SW will give earth a not so socially distant pass. https://astronomy.com/news/2005/08/asteroid-apophis-set-for-a-makeover (opens in new tab), in depth: Osiris-rex. The asteroidnicknamed Apophiswill be as close as The asteroid wobbles as it spins about its short axis, typically rotating about once every 30 hours. Even when this risk was negated, researchers still could not rule out the possibility that Earth's gravitational effects could influence the asteroid in such a way that one of its next visits could result in an impact, Space.com previously reported. "But close approaches do help us better understand asteroids and their likelihood of striking Earth in future. Thanks to additional observations of Apophis, the risk of an impact in 2029 was later ruled out, as was the potential impact risk posed by another close approach in 2036. Furthermore, the asteroid that caused the Chicxulub impact, believed by many to have been what wiped out the dinosaurs, was estimated at having had a diameter between 11 and 81 kilometers and having had the force over 100,000,000 megatons of TNT, or 100 teratons. OSIRIS-APEX will enter orbit around Apophis soon after the flyby, providing an unprecedented close-up look at the asteroid. But that information would also likely offer clues to how Apophis formed. (n.d.-b). New research found that Bennu's highly porous rocks are responsible for the surface's surprising lack of fine regolith. SpaceX Crew-6 astronaut launch: Live updates, SpaceX Crew-6 astronaut mission: Live updates, SpaceX launches Crew-6 astronaut mission to space station for NASA, Auroras, spacecraft mods and more: SpaceX Crew-5 astronauts reflect on their time in orbit. The forecast, issued by the All-Russian Institute for Research of Civil Defence of the Emergencies Ministry of Russia, says that the asteroid will skim past Earth at a distance at which geostationary satellites are placed in orbit (approximately 35,700 km). NASA confirmed that on 13 April 2029, the asteroid Apophis will pass less than 20,000 miles (32,000 kilometres) from Earths surface, which is closer than the distance of geosynchronous satellites. One method put forth by NASA and the Applied Physics Lab at John Hopkins University is the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission, set to be launched next month, which would see a spacecraft essentially "punch" an asteroid in order to deflect it, adjusting the trajectory ever so slightly in order to shift its course. Richard Binzel, a planetary scientist at MIT, said yesterday (April 30) during the International Academy of Aeronautics' Planetary Defense Conference, which is being held here this week. Torino impact hazard scale. ", With the threat of an impact negated for a while, researchers can now focus on collecting scientific information. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. And both NASA's OSIRIS-REx and Japan's Hayabusa2 have excelled at operating close to small asteroids. NASA announced Friday the agency decided its Psyche mission will go forward, targeting a launch period opening on Oct. 10, 2023. The links below will allow your organization to claim its place in the hierarchy of Kansas Citys premier businesses, non-profit organizations and related organizations. Don't miss Venus and Jupiter shine super close in the night sky. NASA categorizes NEOs (Near Earth Objects) as ones that come within 4.6 million miles of earth (0.05 astronomical units) and measure more than 460 feet in diameter. If an asteroid were to fly through the keyhole at the right time, it could alter its orbit. It will be close enough and large enough for it to be seen by the naked eye by more than a billion people on earth. The tweaks the Yarkovsky effect cause in an asteroid's orbit are so small that scientists struggle to distinguish the nudges from instrument hiccups. That's about one-tenth the distance to the moon. On April 13, 2029, the asteroid Apophis will pass less than 20,000 miles (32,000 kilometers) from our planets surface closer than the distance of Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! However, it will not stay that way, and is set to be reclassified as an Apollo-class asteroid after the anticipated close flyby due to its orbit now becoming wider. NASA Mission Helps Solve a Mystery: Why Are Some Asteroid Surfaces Rocky. He also writes about science communication for Elsevier and the European Journal of Physics. Cross that particular doomsday scenario off the list. To arrive at the Apophis calculations in 2021, astronomers used the 70-meter (230-foot) radio antenna at the Deep Space Networks Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex near Barstow, California, to precisely track Apophis motion. According to a 2005 report in Astronomy magazine, co-discoverers Dave Tholen and Roy Tucker were big fans of Stargate SG-1, a science fiction TV series whose most prominent villain was named Apophis.

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