- Quite a significant political threat as both France and Spain had the power to invade England. Her first husband, Francis II, had died in December 1560. Her sister, Mary, had made Roman Catholicism the official religion of the country, but many of the people were. Indeed, the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 was even led by one of the Popes spies, Roberto Ridolfi. You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). Explain why France was such a threat to Elizabeth when she - Brainly One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. Why was France a threat? Copy. However, she was fearful of the presence of Spain in the Netherlands, who were busy putting down the Dutch Revolt from 1566 under the command of the Duke of Alba. The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. Northern Rebellion led by Earl of Westmorland. Crucially, when the Spanish ships docked in English ports, the gold was seized by Elizabeth. After her death in 1558, her half-sister Elizabeth I preceded the throne and she tried to re-establish Puritanism in England. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. Elizabeth therefore committed actions that helped undermine the Spanish whilst ensuring England did not become fully embroiled in the conflict. West Yorkshire, Boston House, Philip II and the Pope supported the plot that would involve the invasion of England by the Duke of Guise. These ensured the plots were uncovered before they could be fully developed. The threat of invasion was Elizabeth's main problem when she became The plot was uncovered whilst Ridolfi was abroad (he never returned). Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Robert Dudley was the Earl of Leicester and during the time of the conflict involving the Netherlands, he was appointed to lead the military expedition to the Netherlands. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. What were the causes of westward From allies to enemies: Queen Elizabeth and King Philip - History There were fewer naval ships anchored there and the port was the centre for a large number of naval supplies which Drake intended to either seize or destroy. Spain had colonies in North and South America and Englands trade with them was very profitable, but foreigners needed a license to trade there. Essentially, this meant England and Spain were now at war. Student / The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. Elizabeth made England protestant, which caused tension with the rest of Europe as they were heavily catholic (such as Spain and France). King Phillip II had been married to Queen Mary I of England and the two had been allies in a war against France in the 1550s. 2. Challenges To Elizabeth At Home And Abroad - Learndojo.org This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. As King Phillip II ruled the Netherlands, he had control over the access to these vital Dutch ports and he could, therefore, limit English access. England and Spain had tried to remain on good terms but a growing rivalry between them led to increased tensions. Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation. Podcast: The Life and Significance of Alan Turing, Copyright The Historical Association 2023. It had to deal with Irish . Why was the Catholic threat greater by the 1580s? He also used double agents to infiltrate Catholic networks. Mary | Biography & Facts | Britannica Before she came to the throne her mother Mary of Guise ruled Scotland while she remained in France married to the French prince Francis. Boston Spa, What made the Auld Alliance stronger at this time was the fact that Mary, Queen of Scots was married to the French Prince Francis II. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. With no clear military successes for Dudley, he resigned his post in 1587 and returned to England. Insolvency therefore limited the choices of the new Queen and instantly undermined her power. Overall then, despite the question of legitimacy being extremely important due to the fact that Elizabeth could not count on the support of many English Catholics and the fact that it allowed a rival in Scotland to have claims to the throne, the immediate concerns of Elizabeth were of a more practical nature. Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. The Pope, as head of the Catholic Church, could rally support for these plots and for some Catholics, obeying the Pope was more important than obedience to Elizabeth. In April 1587, Drake sailed to Cadiz and began attacking the anchored ships there. The war against France ended in 1559, and following Elizabeths accession, they tried to maintain good relations between the two countries. 2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. I think I'm about to officially choose the Uni im going to but I'm not 100% sur, HELP, Official Imperial College 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread, Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread, Plucking Serene Dreams From Golden Trees. Foreign prince candinates would all be Catholic. The English had drastically improved their shipbuilding techniques which gave them several technological advantages. Many of the rebel troops deserted while the two Earls fled to Scotland. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. Elizabeth's legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. Company Reg no: 04489574. [Clear link back to the question at the end of the paragraph here.]. There are 4 main exam boards used in the UK. How far do you agree with the view that Elizabeth remained single threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeth's predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17th November 1558 to 24th March 1603. West Yorkshire, Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Marys permanent presence in England meant that she was a rallying point for many Catholics, who believed she had a stronger claim to the English throne than Elizabeth. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Boston House, Edward VI - Wikipedia How successful was Elizabeth I in dealing with foreign policy - StudyMode More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. The lack of money was problematic because it meant England was potentially vulnerable to attack (and Elizabeth had no means by which to defend the country militarily). In 1581, Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declared independence from Spain and established a Dutch republic. Elizabeth hesitated for several months, however, eventually signed Marys death warrant. Elizabeth lived quietly at her . In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. VAT reg no 816865400. Save. Increased Catholic Threat to Elizabeth I (GCSE Example Answer The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. The English were worried about the threat of invasion and they attacked the Spanish ships as they sailed along the Channel, but the Armada was so strong that most of the ships reached Calais safely. August 3rd - 4th: Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move to Calais in France. King Phillip tried to send two further Armadas in the 1590s however, both were unsuccessful. In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. Spanish invasion plans. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Before the rebel army was able to reach Tutbury, a large royal army forced them to retreat. The invasion failed, however. The English sent 8 fireships loaded with flammable materials in the middle of the night towards the anchored Spanish ships. The rest of the Spanish fleet was forced to sail away from the French coast and into the North Sea with the English fleet on their trail. England had lost the last of her territories in France during the reign of Mary, when Calais was lost. The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. This risked provoking King Phillip further and to avoid this, Elizabeth forced Dudley to resign his position immediately. The invasion would include the murder of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. Norfolk was killed in 1572. Many reasons led to discontent between Spain and England. One last thing to consider was the fact that Elizabeth was unmarried and childless. Therefore, France controlled the whole of the northern coastline and posed a major threat to England. This peace treaty between England and France ended the war inherited by Elizabeth from her half-sister Mary I, who went to war alongside her Spanish husband Philip II in 1557. CLO History: What problems did Elizabeth face when she became - Quizlet The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). Her forty-five year reign was constantly under threat, which makes the fact that she was able to overcome these for forty-five years even more remarkable. In 1595 Elizabeth had to deal with a rebellion in Ireland led by Tyrone and O'Donnell. The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook. [Blog], Medicine Community Feedback and Suggestions, 2023 entry A100 / A101 Medicine fastest and slowest offer senders, Borders & Enforcement, Immigration Enforcement - Immigration Officer June 22, Official University of the Arts London 2023 Applicants Thread. Marriage and the Succession She was expected to marry and produce an heir for the Tudor line but she wanted to choose the right person and not anger anyone. If this union between Scotland and France became something, Spain could help England by attacking France from below. Elizabeth wasnt able to publically acknowledge his achievements and when the Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in 1588, he was the vice-admiral in command of the English fleet that helped successfully defend the attack. Elizabeth I and Finances - History Learning Site In 1558, the same year Elizabeth became Queen of England, a number of Describe two features of the threats posed to Elizabeth in 1558 3. Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. By 1572 Protestant ideas had spread in the Netherlands and Protestant Dutch rebels began a campaign for independence from Catholic Spain, leading to the Dutch Revolt. The local inhabitants showed little mercy to the survivors of these wrecks. Elizabeth's greatest problem in 1558 was the threat of invasion. There was also a fear that France and Scotland, alongside Spain, could launch an invasion of England as part of a greater Catholic crusade against the rogue English Protestant nation. Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. The Spanish Fury united both the Dutch Catholics and Protestants, who demanded in response to the violence: 1) the expulsion of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands 2) political freedom and 3) an end to religious hostility via the Spanish Inquisition. Stimulus = Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England / The sea beggars, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Surviving colonists abandon Virginia and return to England. The conspirators including Babington were all. Company Reg no: 04489574. As the Spanish had lost these to Drake, they were forced to make their barrels from unseasoned wood, which couldnt preserve food or water very well. In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. The Act of Supremacy The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. Elizabeth's sister Mary I had lost this port back of Calais to the French in an unsuccessful war that England and Spain had fought against France Elizabeth wanted it back to demonstrate England's strength France and Spain were no longer at war and there was a real possibility they may unite against England. Working for the British, Native American Manteo was placed in charge of the expedition by Sir Walter Raleigh. Sir Robert Naunton recorded that the queen once said angrily to Leicester, when he tried to insist upon a favour, "I will have here but one mistress and no master." At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. [Relative comparison made to inform the judgement here shows instantly criteria are being established, helping to signpost the rest of the answer.]. He would often return with huge amounts of treasure for Queen Elizabeth. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. Another serious contender was Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Duke of Anjou. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st explanation. Oct 12, 2019 83 Dislike Podpast 106 subscribers Recap and review of the problems Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. Moreover, when Henry executed Anne Boleyn in 1536, Henry VIII himself declared Elizabeth illegitimate (although this situation was later reversed). First English colony in Virginia established. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. In 1568, a final blow came when some Spanish ships were blown off course into English waters, and the English seized them. Born: 7 September 1533. Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. Mary was spared. The Spanish responded by doing the same to the English. Protestants (notably John Knox) initially claimed female rule was unnatural or monstrous, while Roman Catholics judged . Over the last 40 years there had been 3 different rulers, Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I all of which had very different views on religion and running the country. By the end of Elizabeths reign, the navy was also playing an important role in settling up an English colony in North America. Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. LS23 6AD Spain did not control a deep water port where the Armada could anchor safely and this left them extremely vulnerable to an attack while it waited for Parmas troops to escape the Dutch blockade. The French Catholic League signed this treaty with Philip II of Spain. However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. The New World, privateering and the significance of the activities of Sir Francis Drake. 1559 - cateau cambresis, menacing position of french in scotland. 14-16 / Many northern nobles were still committed Catholics and wanted to see the restoration of Catholicism under a Catholic monarch. How serious a threat was Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth's rule? how significant was the catholic threat to elizabeth 1, posed by her Queen Elizabeth had become aware of this plan and in 1587, sent her most successful privateer, Sir Francis Drake, to spy on Spanish preparations and attack their ships and supplies. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. gcse history 16 mark answer - The Student Room This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! The Religious Settlement of 1559 - History Learning Site Why was the throckmorton plot a threat to elizabeth 12 marker? The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule - BBC Bitesize - send 2000 to rebels. Over 100,000 of this was owed to the Antwerp Exchange who charged an interest rate of 14%. The attack was a success. To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and King Phillip saw the signing of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch as a declaration fo war on Spain and in response, he began to build a huge fleet of ships known as an Armada to invade England with. They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth's sister, and they were now being. Register for free, Home / 214 High Street, When Mary eventually gets pregnant, Francis is initially . No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. [The importance of dates and chronology help demonstrate the long- term impact of Marys presence, which helps support the initial judgement.]. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - introduction. In response to the Throckmorton Plot, Elizabeths advisors drafted the Bond of Association, which was aimed at deterring any further plots. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. While a baby is born at various points throughout the show, Francis is not its father. Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland was part of the Rising in the North in 1569. - large religious threat as shows the chance of invasion increased due to the fact Spain and France could unite together against England. Elizabeth I | Biography, Facts, Mother, & Death | Britannica However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. Another problem Elizabeth I had when she ascended to the throne in 1558 was the problems she had with illegitimacy. The English army was also poorly equipped and Elizabeth did not provide sufficient funds to pay for the English troops. The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis of April 1559 between Spain and France was meant to be the start of lasting peace between the two. There were several factors that influenced Queen Elizabeths decision to sign the Treaty of Nonsuch including: Elizabeth believed in Divine Right and due to this, she didnt want to remove King Phillip as the ruler of Netherlands. JPs provided the able-bodied with raw materials (like wool) to make items to sell. When Elizabeth's reign began in 1558 England was in the middle of a 'mid-Tudor crisis'. Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. PPTX What problems did Elizabeth I face when she became Queen in 1558? The problems arose as she ruled an isolated protestant kingdom surrounded by catholic superpowers. English ships were went on many voyages of discovery and established valuable trade routes with India and the far east. As with the 1569 plot, she would marry the Duke of Norfolk. King Philip of Spain sent an. [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. Spain and France were also involved in these plots and so there was always the danger of a foriegn invasion. This increased tension between England and Spain. PDF GCSE History Elizabethan Age, 1558-1603 Revision guide Importantly though, the arrival of Mary Queen of Scots in England did more to embolden the threat of Catholicism. This was one of the more serious courtships of Elizabeth's reign. Anthony Babington, an English Catholic, wrote to Mary about the plot. During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. The fact that the Pope never approved Henry VIIIs divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533 (and England had to break from Rome in order to achieve this) combined with the fact that Catherine was still alive when Elizabeth was born. The second concern of legitimacy again comes from the marriage of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Queen Elizabeth I: The Controversies and the - Ancient Origins "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. ( Public Domain ) Henry VIII was succeeded by his son Edward VI who reigned for a mere six years before succumbing to tuberculosis at the age of 15. There were a number of factors that contributed to the English victory and Spanish defeat which included English strengths, Spanish weaknesses, as well as luck itself. Elizabeth and the Netherlands Issue - 1576-1584 (GCSE Example - Tutor2u Manage Settings These privateers also raided Spanish ships and attacked the treasure fleets that carried gold and silver from the Americas to Spain. English direct involvement in the Netherlands, 1585-88. Boston Spa, Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. Elizabeth faced many problems upon her accession to her throne in 1558 and, whilst the question of legitimacy was important, the immediate concerns of debt, as well as the threat from France and Scotland were of far greater significance as they instantly impacted upon her ability to rule. On November 1569, the Earls managed to capture Durham and proceeded to celebrate Catholic Mass in the Cathedral before marching south in the direction of Tutbury, Derbyshire where Mary was imprisoned.
