Peggy Shippen, wife of the infamous traitor Benedict Arnold, conspired with her husband to undermine the American colonists’ fight for independence from Great Britain. [25] Arnold initially took no part in any public demonstrations but, like many merchants, continued to do business openly in defiance of the Parliamentary Acts, which legally amounted to smuggling. [69], Early in May 1779, Arnold met with Philadelphia merchant Joseph Stansbury[70] who then "went secretly to New York with a tender of [Arnold's] services to Sir Henry Clinton". [109] This activity brought out Virginia's militia led by Colonel Sampson Mathews, and Arnold eventually retreated to Portsmouth to be reinforced or to evacuate. The battle raged on but ultimately led to a humiliating defeat for the Americans. Brown was particularly vicious, publishing a handbill which claimed of Arnold, "Money is this man's God, and to get enough of it he would sacrifice his country". [9] His siblings were, in order of birth: Benedict (15 August 1738 – 30 April 1739), Hannah (9 December 1742 – 11 August 1803), Mary (4 June 1745 – 10 September 1753), Absolom (4 April 1747 – 22 July 1750), and Elizabeth (19 November 1749 – 29 September 1755). [53] Historian John Shy states: Arnold began planning to capitalize financially on the change in power in Philadelphia, even before the Americans reoccupied their city. Legend has it that, when he was on his deathbed, he said, "Let me die in this old u… The British regarded him with ambivalence, while his former countrymen despised him. Washington Irving used it as part of an argument against dismemberment of the union in his 1857 Life of George Washington, pointing out that the unity of New England and the southern states which led to independence was made possible in part by holding West Point. In 1767, Arnold married Margaret Mansfield, the daughter of the sheriff of New Haven. [126], In January 1801, Benedict Arnold's health began to decline. The other leg ached constantly, and he walked only with a cane. Their friendship became the foundation for the treason for which Peggy’s husband, Benedict Arnold, became infamous. He then went to Cambridge, Massachusetts and suggested to George Washington a second expedition to attack Quebec City via a wilderness route through Maine. His actions included the Capture of Fort Ticonderoga in 1775, defensive and delaying tactics at the Battle of Valcour Island on Lake Champlain in 1776 which allowed American forces time to prepare New York's defenses, the Battle of Ridgefield, Connecticut (after which he was promoted to major general), operations in relief of the Siege of Fort Stanwix, and key actions during the pivotal Battles of Saratoga in 1777, in which he suffered leg injuries that halted his combat career for several years. Returning home after the battle, he learned that his wife had died earlier in the month. He was convicted of disorderly conduct and fined the relatively small amount of 50 shillings; publicity of the case and widespread sympathy for his views probably contributed to the light sentence. Arnold escaped and André was hanged. Arnold died of DROPSY in London, England on June 14, 1801. He petitioned for Vermont to join the new United States. [108] He also wrote in the letter to Washington requesting safe passage for Peggy: "Love to my country actuates my present conduct, however it may appear inconsistent to the world, who very seldom judge right of any man's actions."[105]. According to W. D. Wetherell, he was: [A]mong the hardest human beings to understand in American history. [111], On his return to New York in June, Arnold made a variety of proposals for attacks on economic targets to force the Americans to end the war. To this day, calling someone a "Benedict Arnold" in America … British reinforcements arrived in late March led by William Phillips who served under Burgoyne at Saratoga. He sent an Indian messenger into the camp of British Brigadier General Barry St. Leger with news that the approaching force was much larger and closer than it actually was; this convinced St. Leger's Indian allies to abandon him, forcing him to give up the effort. Benedict Arnold V (14 January 1741 [O.S. Arnold received a commission as a brigadier general in the British Army, an annual pension of £360,[a] and a lump sum of over £6,000. Arnold was promoted to brigadier general for his role in reaching Quebec, and he maintained an ineffectual siege of the city until he was replaced by Major General David Wooster in April 1776. [71] Stansbury ignored instructions from Arnold to involve no one else in the plot, and he crossed the British lines and went to see Jonathan Odell in New York. On 12 July, he wrote again, making explicit the offer to surrender West Point, although his price rose to £20,000[a] (in addition to indemnification for his losses), with a £1,000[a] down payment to be delivered with the response. [79] Several members on the panel of judges were ill-disposed toward Arnold over actions and disputes earlier in the war, yet Arnold was cleared of all but two minor charges on 26 January 1780. On 16 June, Arnold inspected West Point while on his way home to Connecticut to take care of personal business, and he sent a highly detailed report through the secret channel. Benedict Arnold was born in 1741 in America. [42], Arnold was on his way to Philadelphia to discuss his future when he was alerted that a British force was marching toward a supply depot in Danbury, Connecticut. [82], Shortly after Washington's rebuke, a Congressional inquiry into Arnold's expenditures concluded that he had failed to fully account for his expenditures incurred during the Quebec invasion, and that he owed the Congress some £1,000,[a] largely because he was unable to document them. Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com: accessed ), memorial page for Capt Benedict Arnold III (28 Aug 1683–2 Feb 1761), Find a Grave Memorial no. [41] In February 1777, he learned that he had been passed over by Congress for promotion to major general. He had established a decent relationship with George Washington, as well as Philip Schuyler and Horatio Gates, both of whom had command of the army's Northern Department during 1775 and 1776. Arnold Rothstein was a Jewish-American mob boss who inspired a character in 'The Great Gatsby' and was portrayed in the series 'Boardwalk Empire.'. By signing up, you'll get thousands of step-by-step solutions to your homework questions. When thinking about Arnold's reasoning’s for treason, and upstanding of his past must be made first. Interview with Philbrick in Michael Dolan, "Ero And Villain,". The Portrayal of Benedict Arnold in American History", Shy, John. Although he grew up in a wealthy household, his brothers and sisters soon died from the yellow fever leaving him and his sister Hannah. Which is it? [39], General Washington assigned Arnold to the defense of Rhode Island following the British seizure of Newport in December 1776, where the militia were too poorly equipped to even consider an attack on the British. His father’s alcoholism led to the family’s bankruptcy when Arnold was fourteen. –Benedict Arnold, January, 1780. While there, he disentangled himself from a lawsuit over an unpaid debt that Peggy had been fighting while he was away, paying £900[a] to settle a £12,000[a] loan that he had taken while living in Philadelphia. Historians have identified many possible factors contributing to Arnold's treason, while some debate their relative importance. Between this and his father’s soon addiction to alcohol, their family went into debt. [4] Others in his military and political circles brought charges against him of corruption or other malfeasance, but most often he was acquitted in formal inquiries. I imagine his exploits offered wonderful and entertaining reading in his day. The British gave Arnold a brigadier general's commission with an annual income of several hundred pounds, but they paid him only £6,315 plus an annual pension of £360[a] for his defection because his plot had failed. Benedict Arnold (Photo by Wikimedia Commons). Like his father, he could be violent and headstrong, and twice he directly defied him by taking up a commission in the British army, even spending two years in France as a prisoner of war. In January 1801, Benedict Arnold's health began to decline. William Fitch Arnold (1794–1846) (Captain, Courtwright, Julie. [102][103] Upon receiving Jameson's message, however, he learned that Jameson had sent Washington the papers which André was carrying. He followed up that action with a bold raid on Fort Saint-Jean on the Richelieu River north of Lake Champlain. He led the American forces to great success during the Revolutionary War against the British. Benedict Arnold: Benedict Arnold grew up comfortably in Norwich, Connecticut during the 1740s and early 1750s. Arnold soon began openly fighting for the British. [48] Burgoyne surrendered ten days after the second battle on 17 October 1777. By the following summer, Arnold was providing the British with troop locations, as well as the locations of supply depots. is related to Benedict Arnold Quiz | Test, About Bio, Birthday, Net Worth, Height. [89], Arnold's command at West Point also gave him authority over the entire American-controlled Hudson River, from Albany down to the British lines outside New York City. 62369640, citing Old Norwichtown Cemetery, Norwich, New London County, Connecticut, USA ; Maintained by Precious (contributor 48339663) . [117] His reputation also came under criticism in the British press, especially when compared to Major André who was celebrated for his patriotism. Benedict Arnold was born in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. This meeting was thwarted when British gunboats in the river fired on his boat, not being informed of his impending arrival. [93], Arnold and André finally met on 21 September at the Joshua Hett Smith House. Unfortunately, his commanding officer, general Horatio Gates, received most of the credit for Arnold's victories. He died on June 14, 1801, at the age of 60, and was buried at St. Mary’s Church in Battersea, London. He proposed a second invasion of Canada to General George Washington to lead a second expedition to attack via a wilderness route. He grew resentful of several rival and younger generals who had been promoted ahead of him and given honors which he thought he deserved. Arnold said that it would have been better had it been in the chest instead of the leg. Benedict Arnold V (Norwich, Connecticut, 14 de enero de 1741 – Londres, Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda, 14 de junio de 1801), conocido simplemente como Benedict Arnold, fue un general estadounidense, que se pasó al bando británico durante la Guerra de la Independencia de los Estados Unidos. I felt that I had failed for the British, feeling that what happened to André was my fault. Neither side knew for some days that the other was in agreement with that offer, due to difficulties in getting the messages across the lines. On 13 August, Schuyler dispatched him with a force of 900 to relieve the siege of Fort Stanwix, where he succeeded in a ruse to lift the siege. This monument was erected under the patronage of the State of Connecticut in the 55th year of the Independence of the U.S.A. in memory of the brave patriots massacred at Fort Griswold near this spot on the 6th of Sept. Arnold was rebuffed by Congress and by local authorities in requests for security details for himself and his in-laws. It was General Arnold. Benedict Arnold grew up in Norwich city in the American colony of Connecticut. [2][136] A historical marker in Danvers, Massachusetts commemorates Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec. Wallace, Willard M. "Benedict Arnold: Traitorous Patriot." Definition of benedict arnold in the Definitions.net dictionary. Benjamin Franklin wrote that "Judas sold only one man, Arnold three millions", and Alexander Scammell described his actions as "black as hell". He died after four days of delirium on 14 June 1801, at the age of 60. [124], In July 1792, Arnold fought a bloodless duel with the Earl of Lauderdale after the Earl impugned his honor in the House of Lords. Arnold demanded a court martial to clear the charges, writing to Washington in May 1779: "Having become a cripple in the service of my country, I little expected to meet ungrateful returns". On 15 August, he received a coded letter from André with Clinton's final offer: £20,000[a] and no indemnification for his losses. In 1764, he formed a partnership with merchant Adam Babcock. 3 January 1740][1][2] – 14 June 1801) was an American military officer who served during the Revolutionary War. Arnold left school and apprenticed at an apothecary. Had he become America's most notorious traitor. Try this amazing Benedict Arnold Quiz quiz which has been attempted 654 times by avid quiz takers. He joined the growing army outside Boston and distinguished himself through acts of intelligence and bravery. Arnold immediately hastened to the shore and ordered bargemen to row him downriver to where HMS Vulture was anchored, fleeing on it to New York City. [37] However, an acrimonious dispute with Moses Hazen, commander of the 2nd Canadian Regiment, boiled into Hazen's court martial at Ticonderoga during the summer of 1776. His chaplain Rev. Benedict Arnold was one of the most talented field commanders in the war, he was very popular with his men, and he was instrumental in several key victories for the patriots (such as the pivotal battle of Saratoga). © 2020 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. Directed by Seymour Robbie. She met Arnold during his tenure as military commander of the city following the British withdrawal in 1778. Arnold’s treason was fueled by more than just money. In 1763, he repaid money that he had borrowed from the Lathrops,[18] repurchased the family homestead that his father had sold when deeply in debt, and re-sold it a year later for a substantial profit. The French had besieged Fort William Henry in northeastern New York, and their Indian allies had committed atrocities after their victory. His grieving father fell apart and was arrested repeatedly for drunkenness before his death in 1761. At the same time, Arnold began transferring his personal assets from Connecticut to England. The treasonous actions of Arnold are legendary in the United States. [28] Their son Benedict was born the following year[29] and was followed by brothers Richard in 1769 and Henry in 1772. [23], The Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765 severely curtailed mercantile trade in the colonies. Congress restored Arnold's command seniority in response to his valor at Saratoga. [115], In London, Arnold aligned himself with the Tories, advising Germain and King George III to renew the fight against the Americans. He is best known for his rigid views on Catholicism and topics such as birth control and homosexuality. Benedict Arnold’s eldest son, Benedict VI, did not share his father’s manufactured loyalty to the British; it was undoubtedly genuine. Many historians point to her as facilitating Arnold's plans to switch sides; he opened secret negotiations with André, and Peggy relayed the messages. Benedict Arnold was one of the most talented field commanders in the war, he was very popular with his men, and he was instrumental in several key victories for the patriots (such as the pivotal battle of Saratoga). Arnold was aware of his reputation in his home country, and French statesman Talleyrand described meeting him in Falmouth, Cornwall in 1794: The innkeeper at whose place I had my meals informed me that one of his lodgers was an American general. Arnold Schwarzenegger first gained fame as a bodybuilder, using that as a launching point to become a huge Hollywood star and, later, the governor of California. He had five brothers and sisters, however, all but one sister died from yellow fever at a young age. Clinton refused this suggestion; after a military tribunal, André was hanged at Tappan, New York on 2 October. Arnold received a commission as a brigadier general in the British Army, commanding the American Legion in the later part of the conflict. He grew up in a household for 6. Troops were liberally distributed within Arnold's command area (but only minimally at West Point itself) or furnished to Washington on request. [1] Only he and his sister Hannah survived to adulthood; his other siblings succumbed to yellow fever in childhood. [130] His funeral procession boasted "seven mourning coaches and four state carriages";[106] the funeral was without military honors. "[64], Arnold had been badly wounded twice in battle and had lost his business in Connecticut, which made him profoundly bitter. [83] A significant number of these documents had been lost during the retreat from Quebec. In 1764, he formed a partnership with Adam Babcock, another young New Haven merchant. His physicians diagnosed him as having dropsy, and a visit to the countryside only temporarily improved his condition. Frustrated by the lack of recognition, he subsequently switched sides to the British and plotted the surrender of West Point. Meaning of benedict arnold. Gates wanted to defend. Nearly 250 years after he defected to the British, Major-General Benedict Arnold remains among the most vilified figures in American history. Dirk Benedict is an actor best known for his roles on 'The A-Team' and 'Battlestar Galactica.'. Arnold actually built a very impressive military career before his defection to the British army. [97], André was captured near Tarrytown, New York on Saturday, 23 September by three Westchester militiamen. [114] He renewed that request when he learned of the surrender, which Clinton then granted. Arnold reopened the secret channels with the British, informing them of Schuyler's proposals and including Schuyler's assessment of conditions at West Point. Here's what the wikipedia says: Benedict Arnold V (January 14, 1741 – June 14, 1801) originally fought for American independence from the British Empire as a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War until he obtained command of the American fort at West Point, New York and, switching sides, plotted unsuccessfully to surrender it to the British. Gout, from which he had suffered since 1775, attacked his unwounded leg to the point where he was unable to go to sea; the other leg ached constantly and he walked only with a cane." [14] A commonly accepted story that he deserted from militia service in 1758[15] is based on uncertain documentary evidence.[16]. [91], On 30 August, Arnold sent a letter accepting Clinton's terms and proposing a meeting to André through yet another intermediary: William Heron, a member of the Connecticut Assembly whom he thought he could trust. On May 10, 1775, Arnold partnered with frontiersman Ethan Allen to seize New York’s Fort Ticonderoga. He arrived before Quebec City in November, after a difficult passage in which 300 men turned back and another 200 died en route. [45], Arnold returned to the Hudson where General Gates had taken over command of the American army, which had retreated to a camp south of Stillwater. Margaret "Peggy" Shippen (July 11, 1760 – August 24, 1804) was the highest-paid spy in the American Revolution, and was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold.. Shippen was born into a prominent Philadelphia family with Loyalist tendencies. 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